Born at Borahi Gaon in Assam’s Golaghat district on April 7, 1960, Atul Bora passed his matriculation from Kacharihat High School and pursued further studies at Debraj Roy College, Golaghat. After graduation, he joined Gauhati University and obtained his master's degree in Political Science and also earned an LLB Degree from Gauhati University Law College.
Bora, during his student days, was an active member of the Assam Movement. He was elected General Secretary of the All Assam Students Union and later also became the Founder Chairman of the North-East Students' Co-ordination Committee, composed of student organizations of the north-eastern states.
Bora actively began participating in politics by enrolling himself as an AGP worker in 1995. In 1996, he was elected as an MLA from his home constituency, Golaghat. In 2011, he was elected the working president of AGP. On July 15, 2014, Bora was elected president of the party.
In May 2016, Bora was elected as a legislator of the Bokakhat constituency. In the same year, he was sworn in as a Cabinet Minister in the Sarbananda Sonowal-led BJP-AGP-BPF alliance government.